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1.
Rev. chil. anest ; 47(3): 224-228, 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451166

ABSTRACT

Myotonic dystrophy is an uncommon disease, characterised by disorders of the muscle membrane. Its clinical manifestations are muscle weakness, difficulty at initiating movements and delayed muscle relaxation. Carriers of this disease are very sensitive to anaesthetic drugs. Residual neuromuscular blockade is common among these patients, leaving them at risk of various postoperative complications. Proper neuromuscular blockade reversal is therefore crucial. We report the case of an 18-year-old male with myotonic dystrophy type I (Steinert's disease), who was admitted for a complicated hydatid cyst. He required a laparotomy, which was done under general anesthesia with no intraoperative incidents. He was extubated at the end of the procedure, with 94% response at the train-of-four (TOF) and adequate spontaneous ventilation. No reversal for neuromuscular blockade was given. The patient evolved favourably during the postoperative phase. However, in the later postoperatory period the patient presented severe respiratory complications. Proper anaesthetic management of these patients, as described in the literature, includes the use of non-depolarising muscle relaxants, monitoring of muscle relaxation and reversal of neuromuscular blockade. The combination of rocuronium and sugammadex appears to convey the optimum reversal required for these cases.


Las distrofias miotónicas son enfermedades poco comunes, caracterizadas por trastornos a nivel de la membrana muscular. Clínicamente se manifiestan por debilidad muscular progresiva, dificultad al iniciar movimientos y retardo en la relajación muscular. Los portadores de este grupo de enfermedades tienen una marcada sensibilidad a los fármacos anestésicos. Es habitual que presenten bloqueo neuromuscular residual, arriesgándose a sufrir diversas complicaciones postoperatorias. Por ello, es importante realizar una reversión adecuada de la relajación muscular en estos pacientes. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 18 años, con distrofia miotónica de Steinert tipo I, que ingresa para laparotomía por quiste hidatídico hepático complicado. Recibió anestesia general sin incidentes. Es extubado con una respuesta al tren-de-cuatro (TOF) de 94% y ventilación espontánea adecuada. No se realiza reversión del bloqueo neuromuscular y evoluciona favorablemente en el postoperatorio inmediato. Sin embargo, en el período postoperatorio tardío, presenta complicaciones respiratorias severas. El adecuado manejo de estos pacientes, según lo recomendado en la literatura, requiere el uso de relajantes no-depolarizantes, monitorización y reversión del bloqueo neuromuscular, siendo probablemente la combinación de rocuronio y sugammadex, la más adecuada para estos fines.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced , Myotonic Dystrophy/surgery , Neuromuscular Blocking Agents/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/chemically induced , Sugammadex/therapeutic use , Rocuronium/therapeutic use , Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Cuad. cir ; 25(1): 75-80, 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695683

ABSTRACT

Las náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios son complicaciones habituales de la anestesia y la cirugía en la práctica diaria, por lo que todo cirujano debe ser capaz de reconocerlas y enfrentarlas como tal. Sin embargo, la prevención y manejo de éstos no siempre es el adecuado, lo cual repercute en el confort de los pacientes. Descartando que esta complicación sea secundaria a la intervención quirúrgica, es necesario tener conocimiento respecto al arsenal farmacológico disponible en nuestro medio que nos permita un postoperatorio mejor tolerado. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer la evidencia actual respecto al óptimo manejo de estas complicaciones.


The postoperative nausea and vomiting are common complications of anesthesia and surgery in daily practice, so that every surgeon should be proficient to recognize and treat them as such. However, their prevention and management is not always adequate, which affects the comfort of patients. Discarding this complication secondary to surgical intervention, is necessary to have knowledge about the pharmacological arsenal available in our environment that allows us a better tolerated postoperatively. The aim of this paper is to present the current evidence regarding the optimal management of these complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/prevention & control , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/drug therapy , Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/physiopathology , Risk Factors
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